Туры в Таиланд: самые выгодные цены на путевки в Таиланд от ведущих туроператоров и лучших турфирм The Country and the City

Buying oil stocks could offer better results in 2020! OIL INVESTMENT

Buying oil stocks could offer better results in 2020! 

 

Buying oil foto

Indirect investment in oil Investors can also achieve indirect exposure to oil by purchasing energy-sector ETFs, such as the iShares Global Energy Sector Index Fund (IXC), and energy-sector mutual funds, such as the T. Rowe Price New Era Fund (PRNEX). These energy-specific ETFs and mutual funds invest exclusively in the stocks of oil and oil distribution companies and come with reduced risk. Other ETFs that monitor the oil and gas drilling sector are the iShares Dow Jones U.S. Oil & Gas Exploration & Production Index Fund (IEO), the SPDR S&P Oil & Gas Exploration & Production ETF (XOP), and the Invesco Dynamic Energy Exploration & Production Portfolio (PXE). The other key factor driving oil prices is sentiment. The simple belief that oil demand will grow significantly at some point in the future can result in a dramatic rise in today’s oil prices, as speculators and hedgers alike snap up oil futures contracts. Of course, the opposite is also relevant. The simple belief that oil demand will fall at some stage in the future will lead to a dramatic drop in today’s prices as oil futures contracts are sold (possibly sold short as well), suggesting that prices at times will often depend on nothing more than market psychology. Unlike most commodities, the price of oil is not dictated entirely by supply, demand and market sentiment toward the actual product. Instead, supply, demand and sentiment toward oil futures contracts, which speculators trade heavily, play a significant role in price determination. Cyclical patterns will also play a role in the commodities market. Regardless of how the price is finally determined, it appears that oil will continue to be in high demand for the foreseeable future, based on its use in fuels and endless consumer products. 

What determines the price of oil? 

Oil’s use in fuels continues to be the key element in making it a worldwide high-demand commodity, but how are prices determined? Given the status of oil as a high-demand global commodity, the risk exists that major price fluctuations will have a significant economic impact. The two key factors influencing the price of oil are: 

• Supply and demand • 

Market sentiment The principle of supply and demand is relatively straightforward. As demand increases (or supply decreases) the price will go up. As demand decreases (or supply increases) the price will go down. Sounds easy? Not quite. The price of oil as we know it is fixed in the oil futures market. An oil futures agreement is a binding contract that grants us the right to purchase oil by the barrel at a predefined price on a preset date in the future. Under a futures contract, on the agreed date, both the buyer and the seller are obligated to fulfil their part of the deal. There are two types of futures traders: 

• Hedgers •

 Speculators An example of a hedger would be an airline purchasing oil futures to protect against potential rising prices. An example of a speculator would be someone who estimates the price direction and has no intention of ever buying the commodity. What are the economic indicators that oil and gas traders need to observe? Investors of oil and gas search for specific economic metrics to help them understand the future movements of petroleum in the industry. Like any commodity market, oil and gas firms, and petroleum futures are vulnerable to supply levels, production, global demand, interest rate policies and overall economic statistics such as gross domestic product. 

Crude inventories Oil is a resource that many nations find economically and strategically important. Countries around the globe maintain vast reserves of crude oil for future use. 

The measure of these oil reserves serves as a guide for investors; shifts in the stock levels of oil are indicators of patterns in production and consumption. The Energy Information Administration publishes a weekly supply forecast of petroleum and other liquids. When the trend line grows over time, manufacturers are expected to lower prices to encourage more purchases. The reverse is also true; decreasing levels of supply leads to buyers bidding up the petroleum commodity prices. Refinery Usage and Production Along with the release of crude inventories comes a long list of statistics focused on crude oil output, covering domestic supply, refinery input, and utilisation, and other inventory trends (motor gasoline) as well as import/ export statistics. All of this data is taken into account when trying to understand the dynamics of the crude oil market. For example, refinery usage would be looked at by traders to evaluate how much more capacity is available to bring more supplies on the market. If refinery usage is high, it will be challenging to put additional oil through refineries, contributing to reduced production and higher prices. 

Oil investors should keep one eye on the ratio between refinery use and refinery capacity. Refineries are costly, so it can take a long time to increase production capacity significantly beyond current levels. If demand rises to the point of maximizing the refinery, it may lead to higher prices before capacity can be increased. Global demand and economic performance Economic development in heavily populated nations, such as India and China, may contribute to a significant rise in global oil and gas demand. Alternatively, economic struggles continue to decrease petroleum demand as companies scale down their operations, and individual households cut back on the use of gasoline to save money. A clear indication of this was the Global Recession in 2007-2009 when prices of oil and gas plunged approximately 40 per cent in less than six months. 

Aggregate indicators of overall economic performance can notify investors of expected movements in the demand for oil and gas. Gross domestic product (GDP) is a calculation of the total spending and production rates in a given economy, and it is believed that rises in GDP contribute to increased demand for oil. Interest Rates, Taxes, and Regulation Interest rates are important economic indicators for the commodities or finance industries. Changes in interest rates affect inventory storage costs, modify the borrowing and spending patterns of both producers and consumers, and alter the capital costs and structure with regards to land, buildings, machinery, and equipment for petroleum producers. Government tax policies affect the performance and profitability of companies. Increased taxation on petroleum products or oil and gas firms limits production and may contribute to rising prices; the opposite is true with reduced taxes. Regulation is also an important thing to remember. Since the burning of fossil fuels contributes to environmental issues, governments may feel the need to deliberately raise their taxes or regulations on oil and gas firms to reduce levels of consumption; this impacts supply and demand and ultimately the price.

Катастрофа на Чернобыльской АЭС

Катастрофа на Чернобыльской АЭС произошла 26 апреля 1986 года, когда взорвался ядерный реактор четвертого энергоблока станции. Общая площадь радиационного загрязнения в Белоруссии составила около 46,5 тысячи квадратных километров (23% от общей площади). На Украине были загрязнены 50 тысяч квадратных километров в 12 областях. Кроме того, от радиоактивного загрязнения пострадали 19 российских регионов с территорией почти 60 тысяч квадратных километров и населением 2,6 миллиона человек.

 

Намибия

Намибия — место, где встречаются две стихии: пустыня и океан. 

 Это самая настоящая дикая Африка, впрочем, с высококлассными отелями. Пустыня Намиб и Берег скелетов, национальный парк Этоша и плато Ватерберг.  Ниже представлены фотографии, сделанные  в пустыне Намиб, которая занимает большую часть государства Намибия.





moldova basarabeasca









Официальным языком является английский, однако им владеет около 7% жителей, гораздо более активно используются немецкий (32%) и африкаанс (60%). Всего же население страны говорит на девяти различных языках, включая некоторые койсанские языки.

Очень непривычно и интересно для путешественника звучат койсанские языки, например нама.

Лондон

Крутая рыба )))))

Лондон - столица Англии с населением в 8,2 миллиона человек.

 Расположен на юго-востоке острова Великобритания, на берегах реки Темзы, в 80 километрах от Северного моря. С юго-запада на восток Лондон пересекает судоходная река Темза, которая впадает в Северное море.

Долина реки Темзы плодородная и достаточно ровная, что позволило расшириться Лондону. Темза - приливно-отливная река, в связи с этим в Лондоне существует опасность наводнения.





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